151.RefertoFigure28-2.Whatdothetwolinesinthefiguremeasure? a.Thetoplineisthelaborforceparticipationrate,andthebottomlineistheunemploymentrate. b.Thetoplineisthelaborforceparticipationratesofthecollege-educatedpopulation,andbottomlineisthelaborforceparticipationratesofthehigh-school-educatedpopulation. c.Thetoplineistheforeignlaborforceparticipationrate,andthebottomlineisthedomesticlaborforceparticipationrate. d.Thetoplineisthelaborforceparticipationratesofmen,andthebottomlineisthelaborforceparticipationratesofwomen. 152.Whichofthefollowingisnotacommonly-citedexplanationforthedramaticallyincreasinglabor-forceparticipationratesforwomenfrom1950tothepresent? a.availabilityofreliablebirthcontrol b.inventionofhouseholdlabor-savingdevicessuchasdishwashersandmicrowaveovens c.anincreasingnumberofwomenwhoworktosupporttheirparents d.changingsocialattitudesaboutworkingmothers 153.Whichofthefollowingisnotacommonly-citedexplanationforthedecreasinglabor-forceparticipationratesformenfrom1950tothepresent? a.availabilityofreliablebirthcontrol b.menacquiringadditionalyearsofschoolingbeforeenteringthelaborforce c.apreferenceformentoretirewhenyounger d.changingsocialattitudesaboutstay-at-homefathers 154.Peoplewhoareunemployedbecausetheyareinsearchofajobthatsuitstheirskillsareincludedwithin a.structuralunemployment. b.frictionalunemployment. c.cyclicalunemployment. d.marginalunemployment. 155.WhichofthefollowingisacauseofthechangingroleofwomeninAmericansocietyoverthepastseveraldecades? a.newtechnologiesthathavereducedtheamountoftimerequiredtocompleteroutinehouseholdtasks b.improvedbirthcontrol c.changingpoliticalandsocialattitudes d.Alloftheabovearecorrect. 156.JustafterWorldWarII,thelabor-forceparticipationrateofwomenwas a.about25percent,andin2012,itwasabout50percent. b.about33percent,andin2012,itwasabout60percent. c.about50percent,andin2012,itwasabout70percent. d.about60percent,andin2012,itwasabout80percent. 157.Overthepastseveraldecades,thedifferencebetweenthelabor-forceparticipationratesofmenandwomenin theU.S.has a.graduallyincreased. b.remainedconstant. c.graduallydecreased. d.beeneliminated. 158.OverthepastseveraldecadesintheUnitedStates,thelabor-forceparticipationrateofwomenhas a.increased,andthelabor-forceparticipationrateofmenhasincreased. b.increased,andthelabor-forceparticipationrateofmenhasdecreased. c.decreased,andthelabor-forceparticipationrateofmenhasincreased. d.decreased,andthelabor-forceparticipationrateofmenhasdecreased. 159.WhichofthefollowingisnotacauseofthedeclineintheU.S.men’slaborforceparticipationrateoverthe pastseveraldecades? a.youngmennowstayinschoollongerthantheirfathersandgrandfathersdid b.oldermennowretireearlierandlivelonger c.withmorewomenemployed,therearefewerjobsnowavailabletomen d.morefathersnowstayathometoraisetheirchildren 160.JustafterWorldWarII,thelabor-forceparticipationrateofmenwas a.about33percent,andin2012,itwasabout50percent. b.about50percent,andin2012,itwasabout60percent. c.about60percent,andin2012,itwasabout60percent. d.about90percent,andin2012,itwasabout70percent.