31.Normativeconclusions a.comefrompositiveanalysisalone. b.arebasedonignoranceofpositiveanalysis. c.involvevaluejudgments. d.reflecttheeconomist’sroleasscientist. 32.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofapositive,asopposedtonormative,statement? a.Inflationismoreharmfultotheeconomythanunemploymentis. b.Ifwelfarepaymentsincrease,theworldwillbeabetterplace. c.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney. d.Whenpublicpoliciesareevaluated,thebenefitstotheeconomyofimprovedequalityshouldbeconsideredmoreimportantthanthecostsofreducedefficiency. 33.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofapositive,asopposedtonormative,statement? a.Whentheminimumwageisincreased,unemploymentisapredictableconsequence. b.Theincometaxrateshouldbeincreasedtooffsetthebudgetdeficit. c.Increasinggovernmentspendingisthebestwaytohelptheeconomymoveoutofarecession. d.Morethanoneoftheabovearepositivestatements. 34.Whichofthefollowingisapositive,asopposedtoanormative,statement? a.TheUSDepartmentofJusticeshouldallowamergerbetweenAT&TandT-Mobilebecauseitwouldhavelittleeffectonconsumers. b.Antitrustlawsshouldbeusedtopreventfurtherconcentrationinthewirelesstelephoneservicemarket. c.TheUSDepartmentofJusticesuedAT&TtoblockitsmergerwithT-Mobile. d.Thewirelesstelephoneservicemarketistoohighlyconcentrated. 35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisanexampleofapositive,asopposedtonormative,statement? a.Americansdeserveacleanerenvironment. b.Reducingemissionsreducesdaysmissedfromschoolduetoasthma. c.AllAmericansareentitledtoqualityhealthcare. d.Economicpoliciesshouldfocusonimprovingequality. 36.“EnsuringthatSocialSecurityisfinanciallysoundforfuturegenerationsisanimportantuseoftaxpayerdollars”isanexampleofa a.normativeeconomicstatement. b.positiveeconomicstatement. c.statementmadebyaneconomistworkingasascientist. d.judgmentbasedonevaluationofevidence,notvalues. 37.“Pricesrisewhenthequantityofmoneyrisesrapidly”isanexampleofa a.negativeeconomicstatement. b.positiveeconomicstatement. c.normativeeconomicstatement. d.statementthatcontradictsoneofthebasicprinciplesofeconomics. 38.Which of the following isnotanexampleofapositive,asopposedtonormative,statement? a.Highergasolinepriceswillreducegasolineconsumption. b.Equalityismoreimportantthanefficiency. c.Traderestrictionslowerourstandardofliving. d.Ifanationwantstoavoidinflation,itwillrestrictthegrowthrateofthequantityofmoney. 39.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofanormative,asopposedtopositive,statement? a.UniversalhealthcarewouldbegoodforU.S.citizens. b.Anincreaseinthecigarettetaxwouldcauseadecreaseinthenumberofsmokers. c.Adecreaseintheminimumwagewoulddecreaseunemployment. d.Alawrequiringthefederalgovernmenttobalanceitsbudgetwouldincreaseeconomicgrowth. 40.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofanormative,asopposedtopositive,statement? a.Gasolinepricesoughttobelowerthantheyarenow. b.Thefederalgovernmentshouldraisetaxesonwealthypeople. c.Thesocialsecuritysystemisagoodsystemanditdeservestobepreservedasitis. d.Alloftheabovearenormativestatements.