91.Ataxincreasehas a.amultipliereffectbutnotacrowdingouteffect b.acrowdingouteffectbutnotamultipliereffect c.bothacrowdingoutandmultipliereffect d.neitheramultiplierorcrowdingouteffect 92.Whichofthefollowingsequencesbestrepresentsthecrowding-outeffect? a.governmentpurchases↑⇒GDP↑⇒supply ofmoney↓ b.governmentpurchases↓⇒GDP↓⇒demandformoney↓ c.governmentpurchases↑⇒GDP↑⇒demandformoney↑ d.taxes↑⇒GDP↓⇒demandformoney↓⇒equilibriuminterestrate↑ 93.AnaidetoaU.S.Congressmancomputestheeffectonaggregatedemandofa$20billiontaxcut.Theactualincreaseinaggregatedemandislessthantheaideexpected.Whichofthefollowingerrorsintheaide’scomputationwouldbeconsistentwithanoverestimationoftheimpactonaggregatedemand? a.TheactualMPCwaslargerthantheMPCtheaideusedtocomputethemultiplier. b.Theaidethoughtthetaxcutwouldbepermanent,buttheactualtaxcutwastemporary. c.Theincreaseinincomeshiftedmoneydemandlessthantheaidehadanticipated. d.Theincreaseinincomeresultedininvestmentrisingmorethantheaidehadanticipated. 94.Initially,theeconomyisinlong-runequilibrium.Aggregatedemandthenshiftsleftwardby$50billion.Thegovernmentwantstoincreaseitsspendinginordertoavoidarecession.Ifthecrowding-outeffectisalwaysone-thirdasstrongasthemultipliereffect,andiftheMPCequals0.6,thenbyhowmuchdogovernmentpurchaseshavetoincreaseinordertooffsetthe$50billionleftwardshift? a.by$90billion b.by$60billion c.by$20billion d.by$30billion 95.Initially,theeconomyisinlong-runequilibrium.Theaggregatedemandcurvethenshifts$50billiontotheleft.Thegovernmentwantstochangeitsspendingtooffsetthisdecreaseindemand.TheMPCis0.80.Supposetheeffectonaggregatedemandfromachangeintaxesis4/5thesizeofthechangefromgovernmentexpenditures.Thereisnocrowdingoutandnoacceleratoreffect.Whatshouldthegovernmentdoifitwantstooffsetthedecreaseinaggregatedemand? a.Raisebothtaxesandexpendituresby$5.56billiondollars. b.Raisetaxesby$40billiondollarsandincreaseexpendituresby$50billiondollars. c.Reducetaxesby$10billiondollarsandincreaseexpendituresby$10billiondollars. d.Reducetaxesby$5.56billiondollarsandincreaseexpendituresby$5.56billiondollars. 96.Initially,theeconomyisinlong-runequilibrium.Theaggregatedemandcurvethenshifts$80billiontotheleft.Thegovernmentwantstochangespendingtooffsetthisdecreaseindemand.TheMPCis0.75.Supposetheeffectonaggregatedemandofataxchangeis3/4asstrongastheeffectofachangeingovernmentexpenditure.Thereisnocrowdingoutandnoacceleratoreffect.WhatshouldthegovernmentdoifitwantstooffsetthedecreaseinrealGDP? a.Raisebothtaxesandexpendituresby$80billiondollars. b.Raisebothtaxesandexpendituresby$10billiondollars. c.Reducebothtaxesandexpendituresby$80billiondollars. d.Reducebothtaxesandexpendituresby$10billiondollars. 97.SupposetheMPCis0.9.Therearenocrowdingoutorinvestmentacceleratoreffects.Ifthegovernmentincreasesitsexpendituresby$30billion,thenbyhowmuchdoesaggregatedemandshifttotheright?Ifthegovernmentdecreasestaxesby$30billion,thenbyhowfardoesaggregatedemandshifttotheright? a.$283billionand$254.7billion b.$283billionand$283billion c.$300billionand$270billion d.$300billionand$300billion 98.SupposetheMPCis0.60.Assumetherearenocrowdingoutorinvestmentacceleratoreffects.Ifthegovernmentincreasesexpendituresby$200billion,thenbyhowmuchdoesaggregatedemandshifttotheright?Ifthegovernmentdecreasestaxesby$200billion,thenbyhowmuchdoesaggregatedemandshifttotheright? a.$300billionand$180billion b.$300billionand$300billion c.$500billionand$300billion d.$500billionand$500billion 99.Ataxcutshiftsaggregatedemand a.bymorethantheamountofthetaxcut. b.bythesameamountasthetaxcut. c.bylessthanthetaxcut. d.Noneoftheaboveisnecessarilycorrect. 100.Ifhouseholdsviewataxcutastemporary,thenthetaxcut a.hasnoeffectonaggregatedemand. b.hasmoreofaneffectonaggregatedemandthanifhouseholdsviewitaspermanent. c.hasthesameeffectaswhenhouseholdsviewthecutaspermanent. d.haslessofaneffectonaggregatedemandthanifhouseholdsviewitaspermanent.