31. Which of the following is a drawback of an industrial system based on unilateral control by the management? 
A. Conflict resolution sacrifices workers' rights.
B. Conflict resolution is expensive.
C. Conflict resolution is slow.
D. Conflict resolution is imposed by someone with much less firsthand knowledge of the circumstances.

Unilateral control by management sacrifices workers' rights. Extensive involvement of government and the courts can result in conflict resolution that is expensive, slow, and imposed by someone (a judge) with much less firsthand knowledge of the circumstances than either labor or management.

32. Which of the following is an example of a craft union employee? 
A. Steelworker
B. Autoworker
C. Carpenter
D. Flight attendant

A carpenter is a craft union employee meaning that the members all have a particular skill or occupation.

33. An "industrial" type of union is characterized by which of the following? 
A. The members are all in the same occupation.
B. Union leaders try to limit the number of members in order to maintain high wages.
C. Members all work in the same industry.
D. Members change employers more frequently than in other types of unions.

Industrial unions are made up of members who are linked by their work in a particular industry. Typically they represent many different occupations. Whereas a craft union may restrict the number of members to maintain higher wages, industrial unions try to organize as many employees in as wide a range of skills as possible

34. Most union contact is with the ____, who is responsible for ensuring that the terms of the collective bargaining contract are enforced. 
A. supervisor
B. manager
C. shop steward
D. administrative representative

Most union contact is with the shop steward, who is responsible for ensuring that the terms of the collective bargaining contract are enforced. The shop steward represents employees in contract grievances.

35. Which of the following is not an activity of the AFL-CIO? 
A. Providing information and analysis for member unions
B. Seeking to advance shared interests at the national level
C. Representing labor interests in public policy issues
D. Administering contracts for local unions

The AFL-CIO an association that seeks to advance the shared interests of its member unions at the national level. It represents labor's interests in public policy issues such as civil rights, economic policy, safety, and occupational health. It also provides information and analysis that member unions can use in their activities: organizing new members, negotiating new contracts, and administering contracts.

36. What type of union security arrangement requires a person to join the union within a certain amount of time after being hired? 
A. Agency shop
B. Maintenance of membership
C. Open shop
D. Union shop

Union shop is a union security provision that requires a person to join the union within a certain amount of time after being hired.

37. The type of union security provision that is illegal under provisions of the NLRA is 
A. union shop.
B. agency shop.
C. closed shop.
D. open shop.

The strongest union security arrangement is a closed shop, under which a person must be a union member (and thus pay dues) before being hired. A closed shop is, however, illegal under the NLRA.

38. The type of union security provision that makes mandatory union membership illegal is the 
A. union shop.
B. agency shop.
C. maintenance of membership.
D. right-to-work law.

Under the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act (an amendment to the NLRA), states may pass so-called right-to-work laws, which make union shops, maintenance of membership, and agency shops illegal.

39. _____ rules do not require union membership but do require that employees who choose to join must remain members for a certain period of time. 
A. Agency shop
B. Maintenance of membership
C. Closed shop
D. Union shop

Maintenance of membership rules do not require union membership but do require that employees who choose to join must remain members for a certain period of time (such as the length of the contract).

40. Which of the following is not a characteristic of union membership in the United States since the 1950s? 
A. There has been a consistent decline in union membership as a percentage of civilian employment.
B. Union membership is higher in the private sector than in the public sector.
C. Total union membership now stands at about 12.4 percent of all employment.
D. Union membership has traditionally been strongest in urban workplaces, particularly those outside the South that employ middle-age workers in blue-collar jobs.

Union membership is higher in the public sector than in the private sector.

31. Which of the following is a drawback of an industrial system based on unilateral control by the management? 
A. Conflict resolution sacrifices workers' rights.
B. Conflict resolution is expensive.
C. Conflict resolution is slow.
D. Conflict resolution is imposed by someone with much less firsthand knowledge of the circumstances.

Unilateral control by management sacrifices workers' rights. Extensive involvement of government and the courts can result in conflict resolution that is expensive, slow, and imposed by someone (a judge) with much less firsthand knowledge of the circumstances than either labor or management.

32. Which of the following is an example of a craft union employee? 
A. Steelworker
B. Autoworker
C. Carpenter
D. Flight attendant

A carpenter is a craft union employee meaning that the members all have a particular skill or occupation.

33. An "industrial" type of union is characterized by which of the following? 
A. The members are all in the same occupation.
B. Union leaders try to limit the number of members in order to maintain high wages.
C. Members all work in the same industry.
D. Members change employers more frequently than in other types of unions.

Industrial unions are made up of members who are linked by their work in a particular industry. Typically they represent many different occupations. Whereas a craft union may restrict the number of members to maintain higher wages, industrial unions try to organize as many employees in as wide a range of skills as possible

34. Most union contact is with the ____, who is responsible for ensuring that the terms of the collective bargaining contract are enforced. 
A. supervisor
B. manager
C. shop steward
D. administrative representative

Most union contact is with the shop steward, who is responsible for ensuring that the terms of the collective bargaining contract are enforced. The shop steward represents employees in contract grievances.

35. Which of the following is not an activity of the AFL-CIO? 
A. Providing information and analysis for member unions
B. Seeking to advance shared interests at the national level
C. Representing labor interests in public policy issues
D. Administering contracts for local unions

The AFL-CIO an association that seeks to advance the shared interests of its member unions at the national level. It represents labor's interests in public policy issues such as civil rights, economic policy, safety, and occupational health. It also provides information and analysis that member unions can use in their activities: organizing new members, negotiating new contracts, and administering contracts.

36. What type of union security arrangement requires a person to join the union within a certain amount of time after being hired? 
A. Agency shop
B. Maintenance of membership
C. Open shop
D. Union shop

Union shop is a union security provision that requires a person to join the union within a certain amount of time after being hired.

37. The type of union security provision that is illegal under provisions of the NLRA is 
A. union shop.
B. agency shop.
C. closed shop.
D. open shop.

The strongest union security arrangement is a closed shop, under which a person must be a union member (and thus pay dues) before being hired. A closed shop is, however, illegal under the NLRA.

38. The type of union security provision that makes mandatory union membership illegal is the 
A. union shop.
B. agency shop.
C. maintenance of membership.
D. right-to-work law.

Under the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act (an amendment to the NLRA), states may pass so-called right-to-work laws, which make union shops, maintenance of membership, and agency shops illegal.

39. _____ rules do not require union membership but do require that employees who choose to join must remain members for a certain period of time. 
A. Agency shop
B. Maintenance of membership
C. Closed shop
D. Union shop

Maintenance of membership rules do not require union membership but do require that employees who choose to join must remain members for a certain period of time (such as the length of the contract).

40. Which of the following is not a characteristic of union membership in the United States since the 1950s? 
A. There has been a consistent decline in union membership as a percentage of civilian employment.
B. Union membership is higher in the private sector than in the public sector.
C. Total union membership now stands at about 12.4 percent of all employment.
D. Union membership has traditionally been strongest in urban workplaces, particularly those outside the South that employ middle-age workers in blue-collar jobs.

Union membership is higher in the public sector than in the private sector.

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