Use the following information for items 54 and 55. Felicita is shopping for a computer, so she compares prices of different computers and then decides to buy the one that is least expensive. Alfredo wants to know how long it will take him to drive from New Orleans to San Antonio. He knows they are about 500 miles apart, and he thinks he […]
11.Gina believes that she is the secret love child of the late Princess Diana and singer Elton John. Since she really is not their child, Gina’s belief would be considered a(n) A)diathesis. B)delusion. C)hallucination. D)obsession. E)compulsion. 12.The American Psychiatric Association once considered homosexuality as a type of mental disorder, but no longer does today. This fact is an example of which way that culture […]
Cognitive Perspectives on Learning 1.Of the following, which statement best describes cognitive learning theories? a.Theories that explain learning in terms of changes in observable behavior that occur as a result of having experiences in the real world b.Theories that explain learning in terms of changes in the mental structures and processes involved in acquiring, organizing, and using knowledge c.Theories that explain learning in terms […]
21.In psychoanalysis, transference is when A)the client talks freely about whatever comes to mind. B)the therapist directs some of his or her anxiety toward the client. C)the manifest content of dreams evolves into latent content. D)the client begins acting toward the therapist in ways that mirror the client’s conflict-ridden relationships with others. E)the client transfers material from the unconscious mind to the conscious mind. […]
136.Three of the following are factors that affect transfer. Which one is not a factor that affects transfer? a.Similarity between learning situations b.Reinforcement of basic skills c.Depth of original understanding d.Learning context 137. Students on a math test performed well on a set of computational problems but were not able to solve word problems in which the same computational skills were […]
151. Curlee has a good ability to recognize emotions in herself and in others. She is also able to effectively manage her emotions. Curlee appears to have high levels of A)emotional intelligence. B)psychosocial need. C)self-actualization. D)happiness. E)anger management ability. 152.Empathy is most likely to play a role in which aspect of emotional intelligence? A)Managing your emotions B)Motivating yourself C)Knowing your emotions D)Delaying gratification E)Recognizing […]
Use the following scenario to answer Items 90 and 91. In a class of 30 students is Almaro Gonzalez, a Cuban-American boy, whose parents make a combined income of $42,000 per year; Sonja Jackson, an African American student, whose mother is an administrative assistant and whose father is an electronics technician; Walter Johnson, an African American student whose parents are divorced and whose […]
21. How do arousal approaches to motivation differ from drive-reduction approaches? A. Arousal approaches suggest that if our stimulation and activity levels become too low, we try to increase them. B. Arousal approaches suggest that if our stimulation and activity levels become too high, we try to reduce them by seeking stimulation. C. Arousal approaches emphasize the desirable qualities of internal stimuli to a […]
Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following primarily studies the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life? A. Oncology B. Developmental psychology C. Cytology D. Parapsychology 2. Laura and Celia are identical twins. They were adopted at birth by different families and raised in different environments. However, there are a lot of behavioral similarities between them. In the context of developmental psychology, which […]
31) The questions on the objective test that you are taking right now are what type of question? A) Analytical B) Convergent C) Divergent D) Evaluation 32) Which one of the following students is responding to a divergent question? A) Alice identifies the category name for a group of objects. B) Dave adds to simple lines as many lines as he wants […]
Activity 1:
A discrete-time system can be described in one of two ways. One is by the unit-pulse response of the system, and the other is by the difference equation. In the first case, if we are given an input and want to find the output, we have to convolve the system response with the input signal. In the second case, we have to solve the difference equation for the output when the input signal is substituted into the difference equation. The result should be the same no matter what approach is used.
A discrete-time system has the following unit-pulse response:
for
Correspondingly, the following difference equation describes the behavior of the system:
Matlab Tip: Remember that you can easily get help on a command in Matlab by typing help with the command at the prompt:
EDU>>help conv
Matlab Tip: Also, don't forget that in Matlab when you do certain operations on an array element-by-element, you must precede the operator with a period. For instance, in Matlab, if you define an array n as follows:
EDU>>n=[0:20];
then the first term of the unit-pulse response is written as 0.5.^n
Matlab Tip: Sometimes it is useful to know the size of arrays you have created. This can be done in several ways. For example, you can use the command size:
EDU>> size(n)
ans =
1 21
The size of the array is returned. In this case, the array n has a size of 1 row by 21 columns.
Alternatively, you can switch the display from the Current Directory to the Workspace. Then all current variables and arrays and their sizes are displayed. Just click on Workspace in the upper left corner as indicated below.
The Matlab function recur is not a function which comes with Matlab or any of the toolboxes you have installed. Instead, it is a that must be added to your Matlab directory.
The Matlab function recur can be found in a zip file at the Mathworks site at the following location:
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=2148
Extract the file recur.m to the current directory shown at the top of the Matlab window.
On the other hand, you can copy and paste the script below into a text file like Notepad and save it as recur.m in the current directory shown at the top of the Matlab window.
function y = recur(a,b,n,x,x0,y0);
%
% y = recur(a,b,n,x,x0,y0)
% solves for y[n] from:
% y[n] + a1*y[n-1] + a2*y[n-2]... + an*y[n-N]
% = b0*x[n] + b1*x[n-1] + ... + bm*x[n-M]
%
% a, b, n, x, x0 and y0 are vectors
% a = [a1 a2 ... aN]
% b = [b0 b1 ... bM]
% n contains the time values for which the solution will be computed
% y0 contains the initial conditions for y, in order,
% i.e., y0 = [y[n0-N], y[n0-N+1], ...,y[n0-1]]
% where n0 represents the first element of n
% x0 contains the initial conditions on x, in order
% i.e., x0 = [x[n0-M],...,x[n0-1]]
% the output, y, has length(n)
%
N = length(a);
M = length(b)-1;
if length(y0) ~= N,
error('Lengths of a and y0 must match')
end
if length(x0) ~= M,
error('Length of x0 must match length of b-1')
end
y = [y0 zeros(1,length(n))];
x = [x0 x];
a1 = a(length(a):-1:1); % reverses the elements in a
b1 = b(length(b):-1:1);
for i=N+1:N+length(n),
y(i) = -a1*y(i-N:i-1)' + b1*x(i-N:i-N+M)';
end
y = y(N+1:N+length(n));
To get information on how to use the function, at the Matlab prompt, type:
EDU>>help recur
It might be helpful to change the index of the difference equation such that the highest index is n rather than n+2.
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