91. Dr. Petrovic tries to help his clients see how their behavior reflects choices they have made. He is most likely a _____ therapist. A. psychodynamic B. clinical neuroscience C. humanistic D. gestalt 92. Psychologists adhering to the _____ perspective are probably the LEAST likely to take a “nature” stance on the nature vs. nurture issue. A. behaviorist B. cognitive C. neuroscience D. evolutionary […]
41.The process used when a behavior is strengthened with the removal of an aversive stimulus is: a.positive reinforcement. b.negative reinforcement. c.presentation punishment. d.removal punishment. 42.You get into your car and turn the ignition key. The seat belt buzzer goes off, you fasten your seat belt, and the buzzer stops buzzing. Of the following, fastening your seat belt best illustrates a behavior resulting from: […]
111.Subjective, or conscious, experience of feelings is associated with the _____ component of emotion, whereas the tendency to approach or avoid objects or situations is associated with the ______component of emotion. A)cognitive; behavioral B)cognitive; bodily arousal C)bodily arousal; cognitive D)behavioral; cognitive E)behavioral; bodily arousal A)approach; avoidance B) approach; facial expression C)flight; fight D) avoidance; freezing E) posture; vocal tone 113. The physiological component of […]
21. Dr. Humber is a psychologist who is trying to diagnose his patient’s psychological disorder. Dr. Humber knows that this might be difficult to do. Which of the following is not true about the difficulty in classifying disorders? A. People’s problems often do not fit neatly into one category. B. The DSM-IV gives general labels, such as neurosis and psychosis. C. The same symptoms often appear as part […]
The Development of Identity and Self-Concept 22.People’s sense of self, what their existence means, and what they want in life best describes their: a.self-concept. b.self-worth. c.temperament. d.identity. 23. People’s cognitive assessment of their physical, social, and academic competence best describes their: a.self-concept. b.self-worth. c.temperament. d.identity. 24.Of the following, which statement best describes how Erikson’s term psychosocial was derived? a.It was derived from […]
41.Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the mechanics of intelligence? a.It is based largely on one’s experiences with life problems. b.It involves content-poor processing. c.It is a universal, biological aspect of cognition. d.It is a factor to which one is genetically predisposed. 42.Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the pragmatic of intelligence? a.It is based largely on one’s experiences […]
81. During a conversation, Jerry told his friend that their favorite rock band was going to perform in their city. However, he could not remember the medium through which he got the information about the show. Jerry was experiencing: A. anterograde amnesia. B. retrograde amnesia. C. dissociative amnesia. D. source amnesia. 82. _____ is a process in which memories are influenced by the meaning […]
21.Which of the following characteristics is not associated with structured professional judgment? a.It may include both static and dynamic risk factors. b.A person’s ultimate risk level is determined by specific cut-off scores. c.It is guided by predetermined list of risk factors. d.It may be conducted by law enforcement officers. e.It is supported by Canadian researcher Dr. Christopher Webster. 22.Level of intoxication is an example […]
21.According to the study by Gendreau et al. (2001), which examined the effectiveness of community-based sanctions and incarceration, the only two sanctions that were found to decrease recidivism were: a.prison and electronic monitoring b.restitution and supervision programs c.fines and electronic monitoring d.restitution and fines e.prison and supervision programs 22.According to your textbook, which of the following is an example of a criminogenic need? a.an […]
31. According to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy, which of the following is an essential part of the job of a psychotherapist? A. Point out inconsistencies in the patient’s thoughts and behaviors B. Encourage the patient to explore his or her potential for growth C. Encourage the client to assess his or her own problems through client-centered therapy D. Interpret the disguised revelations of the unconscious mind to […]
11. Which of the following is true about sequential research?
A. It combines cross-sectional and longitudinal research.
B. It only assesses change in behavior over time, but does not assess differences among groups of people.
C. It only assesses differences among groups of people, but does not assess change in behavior over time.
D. The limitation of this technique is that it does not allow developmental psychologists to tease out the specific effects of age changes from other possible influential factors.
12. Maria is studying the effects of calcium on the development of children. So she administers varying levels of calcium to two groups of children, one group consisting of children aged five and the other group consisting of children aged ten. She studies the growth rate of these two groups regularly over a period of one year. On the basis of the given evidence, it would be most accurate to say that Maria is using _____ research design.
A. only the cross-sectional
B. the sequential
C. only the longitudinal
D. the single case experimental
13. Which of the following statements CORRECTLY identifies an advantage or a disadvantage of the developmental researchers' research designs?
A. Longitudinal - indicate changes in behavior over time
B. Sequential - quite inexpensive
C. Cross-sectional - considers a number of different age groups and examines them at several points in time
D. Cross-sectional - comparatively requires a greater time investment
14. Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with longitudinal research designs?
A. It cannot deal with the problem of a cohort group.
B. It is time consuming.
C. It cannot assess change in behavior over time.
D. It cannot trace the behavior of more than two participants at a time.
15. The difference between cross-sectional research design and longitudinal research designs is that:
A. Longitudinal studies assess change in behavior over time, whereas cross-sectional studies assess differences among groups of people.
B. Cross-sectional studies are more time consuming as compared to longitudinal studies.
C. Longitudinal research design does not allow the comparison of more than two participants while cross-sectional design allows for more comparisons.
D. Cross-sectional research is a combination of longitudinal research and sequential research.
16. The sequential research design can be seen as:
A. essentially the same thing as a longitudinal design.
B. the opposite of the cross-sectional design.
C. unrelated to either the longitudinal or the cross-sectional design.
D. a combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
17. _____ are rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information.
A. Spleens
B. Chromosomes
C. Serotonins
D. Norepinephrines
18. A normal fertilized egg, or zygote, contains _____ pairs of chromosomes.
A. 46
B. 21
C. 23
D. 2
19. Which of the following sequences correctly orders the units of genetics, from the smallest and most specific to the largest and most inclusive?
A. DNA ? gene ? chromosome
B. DNA ? chromosome ? gene
C. gene ? DNA ? chromosome
D. gene ? chromosome ? DNA
20. One baby receives an X chromosome from its mother and an X chromosome from its father; it will develop as a _____. A second baby receives an X chromosome from its mother and a Y chromosome from its father; it will develop as a _____.
A. male; female
B. female; male
C. male or a female; male or a female
D. female; female
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